How does Aldous Huxleys Brave New World compare to the real essays

How does Aldous Huxleys Brave New World contrast with the genuine articles How does Aldous Huxleys Brave New World contrast with this present reality? Aldous Huxley composed Brave New World in 1931. It is about a cutting edge oppressed world in which Huxley uncovered the defilement and blemish of the ideal world. It thinks about to this present reality in that it bears likenesses to genuine occasions in world history. Huxley attempts to pass on what may occur if the legislature could have complete power over people lives. In Brave New World, Huxley manages two topics: disengagement and a rotting moral request. Truth be told, the novel is a case of an oppressed world, an ideal world in turn around. Huxley unmistakably portrays a disillusioned world that has gotten dehumanized by logical progression. The tale opens in the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Center. The year is a.f. 632, or 632 years after Ford (Huxley, A. 2). The Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning is giving a gathering of understudies a voyage through a production line that produces people and conditions them for what their jobs in the World State will be. He discloses to them that individuals no longer produce living posterity. The Hatchery binds every baby for a specific standing in the World State. The five standings are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. The embryos experience various medicines relying upon their positions: oxygen hardship and liquor treatment ensure the lower knowledge and littler size of individuals from the three lower standings. The procedure intends to cause people to acknowledge and even like their unavoidable social predetermination (Huxley, A. 9). When Huxley composes Brave New World, a significant number of the advances depicted in the book had just been presented. The development of incipient organisms of little warm blooded animals in vitro and the cloning of parasitic creepy crawlies had just been practiced in established researchers when Huxley composed the novel. Decanting is the name given to the culmination of the counterfeit and mechanical incitement of the em... <!

MacBeth :: essays research papers

I don't concur with the announcement since I do feel that Macbeth was unoriginal I believe that he had a serious creative mind and this was appeared in any event twice in the book. I additionally don't generally imagine that he was a beast he was extremely simply attempting to spare his own life. Additionally I thought he was bashful in light of the fact that a great deal of the time his significant other put him up to things that he would not generally like to do. Â Â Â Â Â Macbeth was depicted by Shakespeare to be a solid war saint who drove the Norwegians out of Scotland, and got the backstabber the Thane of Cawdor, when truly he was only a meek individual who was faking it to please individuals like the ruler, his significant other, and his companions. In spite of the fact that Macbeth is depicted to be genuinely solid he is intellectually very powerless, and this is indicated when he accepts each word that the witches state, and he winds up resting, feeling that nobody can take him off the seat. Â Â Â Â Â Macbeth is demonstrated to be bashful many occasions in the book, in that he comes up short on the psychological solidarity to get things done, so his significant other inquiries his masculinity and calls him frail. After she offended him, he feels that he isn't right and she is correct, so he conflict with his own inner voice, at long last he was correct and Lady Macbeth wrong. Woman Macbeth reveals to Macbeth when the ruler is in their château to &#8220;Your hand, your tongue: look like th&#8217; guiltless blossom, however be snake under&#8217;t.'; What this implied was that Macbeth looked and talked like an honest little blossom, however under that phony cover he was an underhanded snake. I concur that Macbeth was dull to a degree yet on the other hand he had a creative mind since he saw the knifes before he slaughtered King Duncan, and after he got Banquo murdered he saw the picture of Banquo in his seat. A case of this is expressed here: ';Is this a blade which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me grasp Thee. I have thee not, but then I see thee still. Workmanship thou not, deadly vision, reasonable To feeling as to sight, or workmanship thou yet A blade of the brain, a bogus creation, Continuing from the warmth mistreated mind?'; This is the place Macbeth is envisioning that there is a blade before him. I feel that this shows he does really have a creative mind and some of the time it improves of him.

Outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the

Outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the Outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the measures that could be used by the UK government to achieve a more equal distribution of wealth â€" Essay Example > Income Inequality in the United Kingdom Introduction Welch (2001) defined income inequality as a situation whereby there is unequal allocation of individual or household incomes across different individuals in a given economy. Income inequality is therefore a situation whereby the rich people in a country earn more income compared to the other population hence increasing the gap between the poor and the rich. The causes of inequality usually vary depending with the state, gender, social status, region, and education of individuals in the society. This paper is going to outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the measures that could be used by the UK government to achieve equal distribution of wealth. Causes of income inequality Stiglitz (2012) stated that the main causes of income inequalities in the UK are low wage rate amongst a certain class of workers and unemployment. In regards to the issues of low wage rate amongst a certain class of citizens, Stiglitz (2012) stated that the gap between the poor and the rich widens when the employees are forced to use all of their income just to feed their families and hence, leaving them with nothing to save for investment purposes. Unemployment is also another major cause of income inequalities in the UK because the people who are not engaged in any form of business or job, rarely earn an income while the rich own businesses that provide them with high incomes hence creating a gap between them. In the writings by Parker (2004), she cited education also another causes of income inequalities since individuals who are learned and educated get opportunities to work for well paying organizations, while the illiterate or less educated lack similar opportunities since they lack the documents to prove that they have the knowledge and skills necessary for high paying jobs. Chen and Zhou (2004) on their part stated that the causes of income inequality could be divided into individual and national causes. The individual causes include the ownership of resources, motivations, family size, qualifications, and skills (Parker, 2004). The national causes include economic power, climate and the size and quality of labor force. Measures to reduce income inequality The government of the UK should formulate policies to reduce the income gap between the rich and the poor by ensuring that all the individuals who are working in various organizations are paid good salaries that will enable them sustain their families and save part of their income for investment purposes. The government should motivate the poor who are unemployed by providing working opportunities for all without discrimination and encouraging them to use their talents, skills, and creative ideas to start their businesses in order to reduce the rates of unemployment in the UK. The fees paid in schools should be affordable to ensure that people are educated to make them have better incomes when they start working (Welch, 2001). Conclusion Income inequality is a state whereby the rich earn more money in the society hence creating a big gap between the poor and the rich. Some of the causes of income inequalities are unemployment, low payments, and illiteracy, which make individuals either earn less or no incomes. The government of the UK can reduce the rate of income inequalities by helping their citizens get better payments at their workplace, improving education systems, and encouraging people to use their talents and skills to start their own businesses. References Chen, Z., Zhou, Y. (2004). Income distribution during system reform and economic development in China. New York, Nova Science Publishers. Parker, S. C. (2004). The economics of self-employment and entrepreneurship. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The price of inequality. London, Allen Lane. Welch, F. (2001). The causes and consequences of increasing inequality. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

How Are They Recruited - 1534 Words

How are they recruited? Thompson (2013) viewed that people join Boko Haram out of boredom and the desire for an action packed adventure. They join in pursuit of an adventure viewed as a â€Å"just cause† but others may be motivated mainly by a desire to use their special skills e.g. bomb-making skills (Thompson 2013). Thompson explained that judging from evidences collected by the State Security Service, those who join Boko Haram are similar. For example, Habibu Bama is a dismissed soldier from Borno State and Kabiru Abubaka Dikko AKA Kabiru Sokoto also a dismissed soldier. According to Thompson (2012), violent encounters with security forces also, often serve as motivating factor for an already socially estranged person to join a terrorist group like Boko Haram (Thompson 2012), he threw more light on this point by saying Human Rights Watch researcher Eric Guttschuss analyzed Yusuf successfully attracted followers from unemployed youth by speaking out against police and political corruption. (Thompso n 2012, ) Terrorist groups also brain wash their recruits (Okemi 2013). Teaching them the violent ways of religion right from when they are young, for example kids were being taught to fight and die for the cause of Allah in the Arabic school Yusuf established in Yobe state (Okemi 2013, Babalola). Teaching these kids to learn how to perpetuate evil in the name of God is brainwashing. How do they receive their training? History, religion and ethnicity link northern Nigeria toShow MoreRelatedTeaching Elementary Students With Developmental Disabilities859 Words   |  4 Pagesalso noted in the previous literature section. Craft poses the thought that students can only be praised for behaviors that are noticed by the teacher. Studies have gone on to examine teachers that work with students on how to receive the teacher’s attention by teaching the students how to seek approval appropriately in the classroom setting. Craft refers to this process as â€Å"recruiting responses† (Craft, Alber, Heward, 1998). Further studies have also look at individuals with disabilities such as autismRead MoreSchizophrenia Case Study1627 Words   |  7 Pagescolleagues (32) recruited 106 freshman medical school students, who did not receive any theoretical or practical training on psychiatry. After 5 years, students who completed their psychiatry internship were recruited again. Their results revealed that students’ attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia changed in a positive direction for etiology of schizophrenia, treatment options, approach to individuals with schizophrenia, and social interactions. College students. Eker (33) recruited 85 undergraduateRead MoreHow Social Influences Have On Participants1572 Words   |  7 Pagessuggestion can influence peoples perceptions of secret messages in rock and roll recordings. We the experimenters will be expanding on the music genres, but try to contain a minimum of one rock and roll song. Taking this into our focus will be observing how social influence will impact participant’s capability to write down more words. Section A: Restatement of Hypotheses This study will consist of having two groups an experimental and control group. The IV for this study will be whether telling one groupRead MoreCauses Of Colorectal Cancer911 Words   |  4 PagesMDSCs in the TME. 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This study was composed for four different studies, and for each one of those studies recruited Chinese-English bilinguals. For Study 1, 129 participants were recruited (50 males and 79 females) from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, with a mean age of 20.54 years, and those who obtained a C or above on the CertificateRead MoreNow That The Importance Of Both Professionalism And Diversity968 Words   |  4 PagesNow that the importance of both professionalism and diversity has been thoroughly examined, the question remains how can both be successfully recruited ethically? Before the recruitment process can begin, it is important that the existing board members and/or founders assess the present demographics of the board of directors utilizing effective tools such as a diversity audit (Eaton, Difilippo, 2016). A diversity audit can assess all areas of diversity including but not limited to age, race, genderRead MoreWhy The Human Resource Function Should Be Aligned With An Organization s Strategic Plan852 Words   |  4 Pagesaligned with their organization’s strategic plans. With the HR’s goals being aligned it also helps the representative know how much man power is needed from the budgeting process done through HR. The HR function of an organization is responsible for ensuring top talent is recruited and retained, which means ensuring success of an organization’s strategic plan. 2. Explain how current global conditions in Maersk’s industry impact human resource management practices within this organization (use ideasRead MoreThe Effects Of Anesthesia On Cognitive Functioning1533 Words   |  7 PagesResearch The investigation of how anesthesia effects cognitive functioning has had a long history. Overtime, it has been suggested that there is an association between anesthesia, surgery, delirium, dementia and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (Inan Ozkose Satirlar, 2015). The theory of anesthesia’s impact on cognitive functioning was derived in 1887, by Savage, who began to observe the â€Å"insanity† that follows the use of anesthesia. He suggested that â€Å"Any cause which will give rise to delirium

The Government Intervention And Its Effect On National...

I. Introduction Never before has there been one single element that has the capacity to affect everything we do today. From the privacy of your home to the office you occupy daily or from how services such as gas and water are delivered to us. What began with the Industrial Revolution has now progressed into what is now the Digital Revolution. Cybersecurity is one of many important elements when it comes to information security and how to protect it. From the laws and regulations to who is ultimately responsible and the one to assume responsibility when breaches take place. Whether it is the government or the private sector, someone has to take charge because we all have a vested interest in protecting our families, our businesses and our nation’s security in cyberspace. In this paper I researched into what government intervention is in the works when it comes to cybersecurity and protecting national security, the responsibility of the private sector as it pertains to the protection of critical infrastructure in the support of national security, and a past reflection on successful cyberattacks that stress the point that continued partnerships are required to be successful. II. Governing Cybersecurity The government when required have to make the tough decisions to pass the right legislation along and regulations in the best interest of the safety and security of the nation. Unfortunately today the political stage is polarized and when there should be bipartisanship toShow MoreRelatedResponsibilities Of The Federal Government1126 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Federal Government. These threats include not only military and criminal activity but also the monetary system, as well as both manmade and natural disasters. We refer to this as our national security. 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While it may appear at times that consumer interests are being overlooked, without governments enforcing these protec tionist policies, developed countries would not have acquired today’s economic stability, security and efficiency.Read MoreUnited States Relations With Libya1304 Words   |  6 Pagesuniversal rights of all Libyans, promoting accountable and honest government, rebuilding its economy, and establishing security throughout the country are challenges Libya faces. This study will discuss the significance of U.S. involvement in stabilizing Libya, regional impacts of potential economic fallout, security and U.S. national security (Affairs, 2013). 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The world has had to deal with threats from many different sources and our security environment is constantly changing. Terrorists wish to do us harm, failed states have the potential to impact our security, and the effects of climate change has impacted our security. Wait climate change impacts our security? How does extreme weather change, droughts, and floods affect my survival

September 11 Attacks Essay Free Essays

What made the 9/11 attacks unique were several informational tactics and resources of the airport and the inexperience of the security. The terrorist were from Saudi Arabia, taught the essence of war with Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. The Al Qaeda Soldiers research the attack for years and bid the chance within the United States, while learning to fly planes. We will write a custom essay sample on September 11 Attacks Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now They navigated by the Airport security and went unnoticed in American culture. The plan was calculated and given out by Osama Bin Laden like any order from an Islamic religious leader. Osama Bin Laden frustrated with America had listed the reasons for this hatred. He was upset about US support of Israel in the holy land, Mecca in Saudi Arabia. This expectation spread western values throughout the Middle East. Many wondered how hijackers able to be so successful in the 9/11 attack. Al Qaeda are the type of soldiers who blend in and remain hidden in society. They had prior knowledge of how planes were flown and how to store weapons in the planes. Many of Al Qaeda worked for the airport, giving them time to research its layout. Around this time Many of the Al Qaeda didn’t have any criminal backgrounds, and they were provided Passports allowing them safe passage. The enemy had many months or close to a year to research the security and how to smuggle weapons and the fly plane. Around these time officers didn’t have much experience profiling allowing to go unnoticed them. This allowed up to eleven men to initiate the airport and the plane. It was many security measures seemed lacking with regard to the hijackers’ ability to board the planes and seize control of them. The main problem was the airport didn’t know how to profile these types of enemies. The history of war enemies against the USA were not explained to airport security and all they knew was to check people’s bags and passports. The enemies had prior knowledge of the airport allowing them to spread information. The enemy may have worked staff jobs and lived the citizens allowing them the attack on the world trade center. Also, it’s never been a huge attack so security on the plane wasn’t as strong, allowing an easy take over the civilians on the plane. Utility pocket knives with less than 4-inch blades were allowed, they said, and the guide provided no instruction.Wha t was the immediate official response to the attacks? It threw everything into Uproar because they attacked a huge landmark within the U.S, known as the Trade Center. Many people lost their lives in the plane and the trade center building and the airport security were made to testify for their failure. It boosted the awareness of the security staff to not allow any type of weapons or chemical that could cause explosion or fires. Security was now informed of dangerous overseas enemies and procedures to a lot of rules changed to ensure better security methods. The president had to make known are enemies and as well how citizens should report any suspicious activities which have stopped many incidents in the future. Which group suffered the largest loss? The trade center incident devastated many innocent lives of two thousand and people and wounded over six thousand producing ten billion in city damage cost. Additionally, Several people had cancer and respiratory problems which caused death to many after Attacks. America took a huge loss, and that’s what the Al Qaeda wanted and its religious leader. Al Qaeda sacrificed a few men, which killed tons of people which allowed them their revenge. Also, the Airport reputation was shamed for the reason of not being prepared for the 9/11 incident . All this came from lack of knowing dangerous people which created a radical system within the airports and more background checks.  What made the response to the attack in New York more challenging than the one in Virginia? They share a very similar problem showing that security is lacking in both the airports and in our universities. The New York incident was caused more from a total of 19 assailants while Virginia Tech had one student to commit the act. The Virginia Tech incident couldn’t compare to a billion dollars in damage and the lives which were 6000 killed and those of the plane. While at Virginia Tech students those who were killed happen to be thirty-two students In the incident. In both incidents, the attackers sacrificed their lives taking out many. As much as they could. The huge importance to stop weapons and increase security all around.  Why does a response across several jurisdictions present a challenge those in charge? The system of rules can easily change allowing different rules or different associations. It’s like the police could be in charge of crime and the suspect might be a war enemy of the country. The police would have to let the FBI or CIA takes care of that suspect or criminal. Just like the state government can’t change laws in the federal government almost that of hierarchy. Disobeying or crossing lines that shouldn’t be crossed by another hierarchy are against the rule or laws. If this rule wasn’t made other associations would do what they want. The systems are divided so no one association has to much power. Every association has its job and will sometimes have to call upon another or waiver to another authority. What can they do to overcome these challenges in the future? I think we need more.Information gathering which is important, the more the citizens inform law enforcement the safer it will be. I think also if the jurisdiction belongs to another association why fight the system. You should call upon that association and work together instead of stepping the line. Also I think security should step up and not go overboard it’s their job. Awareness can make can stop a lot of problems if the community and the government work together. How to cite September 11 Attacks Essay, Essays

The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven free essay sample

Alexie’s composition of short stories, called The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Heaven, clearly describes aspects of Indian culture that many people wouldn’t already know. The stories are informative, descriptive and interesting. Disappointment is a depressing frustrating and repeated theme throughout almost every one of Sherman Alexie’s short stories. One of the very first introductions of disappointment to the reader is when the father of one of the main characters, Victor, leaves him and his mother â€Å"I know he’s coming back tonight. † (34). This portrayal of disappointment shows how much pain his father had caused him by just leaving. He couldn’t imagine why he would leave him. Victor stays on the porch the day his dad leaves because it is like part of him will not accept that his father really did leave for good this time and is never coming back. The next disappointment happens soon after when he misses all the shots in the basketball game. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"While I looked at all those close-ups of death and destruction, I lost it. I think everybody in that room, everybody on the team, lost that feeling of immortality. (46) Before the time when they were all waiting for the coach and the game to start they started to think how those injuries relate to their situation. â€Å"We went out and lost the championship game by twenty points. I missed every shot I took. I missed everything. † (47) The coach showed up late not bothering to give a pep talk or any encouragement. When Victor is much older disappointment strikes again, he loses his job and also finds out his father is dead. â€Å"Just after Victor lost his job at the BIA, he also found out that his father had died of a heart attack in Phoenix, Arizona. (59) It is a sad and disappointing time to lose a job, but it is much worse to lose a loved one that was close to you even though he hadn’t seen his father for a while. â€Å"Victor hadn’t seen his father in a few years, only talked to him on the phone once or twice, but there was still a genetic pain which was soon to be pain as real and immediate as a broken bone. † (59) Both of these things that happened to him will be very painful when they finally settle in. In another one of Sherman Alexie’s stories one of the main characters, Samuel, gets fired. Samuel hadn’t ever been fired from a job and he had never been in a bar, either. † (133) the fact that he hasn’t been in a bar before and he doesn’t drink because he saw the impact of alcoholism it had on his brothers, sisters and most of his tribe. This just shows how unsure of himself and disappointed he is because he is doing something he never would have if he still had that job. â€Å"Sometimes it’s called passing out and sometimes it’s just pretending to be asleep. † (138) when he was on the train tracks he had the strength to get up and move. He chose to lay there and die. He was so unhappy with his life because he was alone, no family, no job, nothing to live for anymore. This book was kind of sad. Disappointment is a depressing, frustrating and repeated theme throughout almost every one of Sherman Alexie’s short stories. Most of the characters in Alexie’s stories encountered some form of disappointment. All of their pain was mental, sometimes worse than physical pain. Some of them overcame it and it was all happy in the end and others like Samuel felt no reason to live.

Americas Constitution essays

America's Constitution essays Americas constitution, as epic and infallible as it may seem, now seems to give too much freedom to some people. As absurd as it sounds, I believe people can have too much freedom. What is the constitution anyway but a system of laws used to control the people? I think that by stating that people are free in this nation we show that we do not need to have respect for what others think as long as someone can be happy. Although this sounds nice, I think it is a distorted way of saying that you need to do anything you can to be happy, regardless of who you offend. I think Americas view of the pursuit of happiness is just am illusion for capitalism to work properly. People need to have respect for others before using the excuse that one is trying to pursue happiness. Todays problem with flag burning is an example of why people need to respect laws and not use the excuse that one is free to do anything. The American flag is a symbol for what the country stands for. Even more so, it is a form of property that Americans can have but ultimately we must treat it with respect by rules of our constitution. It is like any federal building or property belonging to the United States; we cannot destroy or harm it in any way. So by law we should not be allowed to burn the American flag, just like no one is allowed to burn down a federal building. The respect that people have for the flag has diminished in recent years anyway. We see forms of the flag used as bikinis and displayed across advertisements. Seeing it used this way only hurts how we view the symbol of our freedom. By burning this symbol, one only sees how important our freedom is. We need to preserve what little values we have in a flag and use it to express what we love about freedom. By celebrating our freedom, I think we need to join together, not distance ourselves as individuals. Many people in other countries are not as fortunate as we are to have the fr...

Intensive Pronoun Definition and Examples

Intensive Pronoun Definition and Examples In  English grammar, an  intensive pronoun  is a  pronoun ending in -self or -selves that serve to emphasize its antecedent. They are also known as  intensive reflexive pronouns. Intensive pronouns often appear as appositives after nouns or other pronouns. Intensive pronouns have the same forms as reflexive pronouns: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, oneself, and themselves. Unlike reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns are not essential to the basic meaning of a sentence. Examples and Observations I have never yet failed to meet a deadline I myself have set up.(Pat Schneider, Writing Alone and With Others. Oxford University Press, 2003)He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he himself was a lunatic.(George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1948)Janis Joplin was a name now associated with an image, one that had grown bigger than the woman​ herself.(Buzzy Jackson, A Bad Woman Feeling Good. Norton, 2005)Watching children make real progress in their language and literacy development is a reward with few rivals, especially because the children themselves greet their own accomplishments with such joy.(Katherine A. Beauchat et al, The Building Blocks of Preschool Success. Guilford Press, 2010)We ourselves feel that what we are doing is just a drop in the ocean. But the ocean would be less because of that missing drop.(Mother Teresa)It seems to me, that if you tried hard, you would in time find it possible to become what you yourself would approve.(Charlotte Bro ntà «, Jane Eyre, 1847) When you, our white countrymen, have attempted to do anything for us, it has generally been to deprive us of some right, power, or privilege, which you yourselves would die before you would submit to have taken from you.(Frederick Douglass)Not until the problem itself is clearly diagnosed can a solution be found.(Toby Dodge, Trying to Reconstitute the Iraqi State. Crescent of Crisis, ed. by Ivo Daalder et al. Brookings Institution Press, 2006)I found myself hoping that by the simple fact of extending some humanity towards poor old Ned, offering the unfortunate wretch some small degree of genuine understanding, that I myself had played some worthwhile role in this new and most welcome world of equanimity.(Patrick McCabe, Winterwood. Bloomsbury, 2006) The Difference Between Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns The contrast between reflexive and intensive pronouns is well illustrated with sit down, an intransitive verb that can also be used causatively, e.g. She sat the child down. It can be seen that John sat himself down is a reflexivised causative, whereas John himself sat down  and John sat down himself are intransitive, with an intensive pronoun that relates to the subject NP. Intensive pronouns are generally not placed in structural positions that could be filled by a reflexive pronoun. Watch is a transitive verb which can omit its subjectJohn watched Mary, John watched himself (on the video), John watched. In this case, an intensive pronoun from the subject NP (John himself watched) would not be likely to be moved to a position after the verb, since it could then be mistaken for a reflexive substitute for the object NP. However, an intensive pronoun could be moved after an explicit object NP (especially if there was a gender difference), e.g. John watched Mary himself. (Robert M. W. Dixon, A Semantic Approach to English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2005)

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Project management - Essay Example 2014). Leadership styles differ by organisations and the task that is being carried out. This section of the essay will discuss these leadership styles and conclude on the most effective style that a leader should practice when dealing with his or her employees (O’Connor & Yballe 2007). The authoritarian leadership style entails a leader making all the decisions regarding the project and passing the directives to the employees. The employees are further expected to carry out the directives under close and strict supervision. The subordinates should not question the directives and should ensure that each instruction apply to the letter. In such leadership, innovation and creativity from the employees is not put into practice since the leader does not take into consideration the views of the employees (MÃ ¤kilouko 2004). There are all sorts of control measures from the management such as punishments, task orientation, rewards and arbitrary rules. The leadership assumes that the manager knows it all and is sure of what is best for the organisation (Curran & Niedergassel 2011). Democratic leadership style entails a structured and cooperative system that has space for employees to make decisions. Much focus is directed to group relations and the sensitivity of the employees in the organisation (Avolio et al. 2009). The leader who practices such type of style in his or her leadership requires professional competence. The employees take responsibility of their actions, and the leader must not be there to supervise like in the authoritarian leadership style. The subordinates share ideas with the manager and the entire team concerning activities that the project has. The leaders who use this type of leadership style are confident, warm and friendly and encourage the employees to participate and grow professionally (Makipere & Yip 2008). Democratic leadership

How can product innovation help build competitive advantage for Essay

How can product innovation help build competitive advantage for cosmetic firms in London Case Unilever - Essay Example The researcher states that intense competition from globalisation, more sophisticated consumers from the fragmentation of markets, and constant changes in technology have forced the companies in the last two decades to focus on the process of product development. These three forces that lead to the process of product development also intensified competition between firms. According to Porter the process of product development is characterised by the continuing need to research new materials and introduction of innovations in their product lines. This fact can be considered an important factor to competitiveness in the sector. In this highly competitive and globalised world, according to Gerry and Whittington, companies have changed the way they conduct business. However, organisation must bring new ideas such as product innovation and management, which can be used as a tool to achieve higher productivity. The modern enterprise world is full of innovation that can help build competiti ve advantage. In virtually every field companies are faced with new products, new processes and new services which are available to the consumer market at a pace never seen before. The velocity of the transformations of the last decade is impressing even in the largest companies.To achieve a position of market leadership it is not the product quality that matters; product innovation is an essential ingredient to gain competitive advantage. Products, processes and services are the new aggregate values which generate advantages over competitors. Innovators have a considerable advantage over the other participants in various consumer markets. (Burgelman and Grove 2007). In the past decade, product innovation has been approached by many authors, scholars, businessmen and academics. Every business wants to be innovative, but they sometimes encounter obstacles and difficulties which block the path to product innovation. In trying to be innovative in the pursuit to gain competitive advanta ge, an organization can face several difficulties. For instance, there could be restriction of resources or they could have difficulties in implementing an environmental and an innovative organisational culture that emerge due to the resistance (Makari 2000). In addition, they may not reach a suitable level of innovation. The cosmetics industry includes the areas of personal care, perfumery and cosmetics. The cosmetics companies focus on product development to gain competitive advantage. The product development process, according to Gill and Johnson (2011), is characterised by the continuing need for research in new materials and introduction of innovations in its product lines. This fact can be considered an important factor to achieve competitiveness in the sector. There is heterogeneity in this industry, because of the presence of large international companies, diversified and specialised in the sector of cosmetics, is contrasted with a large number of small and medium-sized comp anies with operations focused in the production of cosmetics (Gill and Johnson 2011). According to Gerry and Whittington (2011) transnational corporations adopt strategies defined with respect to the development of new products by investing in specialised centres of research and development (R & D), in partnerships that are external and in management processes with structured knowledge. Small and medium sized businesses often lack the necessary capital to carry out research and development. They are apprehensive of investment or an economic-financial situation as they are aware of the risks inherent in new product development. Also, many of these companies do not have knowledge management essential for product development processes.. London predominantly has the presence of l

A Reflective Account Of The Impact Of Psychosocial And Cultural Issues Nursing Essay

A Reflective Account Of The Impact Of Psychosocial And Cultural Issues Nursing Essay For the purpose of this assignment, I have used Gibbs reflective cycle to reflect on the impact of psychosocial and cultural issues affecting decision making in dietetic practice. For many decades, psychosocial and cultural factors have been researched and recognised as important determinants, which can have serious impact on health and eating behaviour . In this reflective piece, I have focused on how these factors have the potential to contribute to malnutrition in the elderly. As a consequence, it is imperative that dietitians are able to recognise these issues and consider how they may impact on the negotiated advice (REF). My subject was a 79 year old lady who had been referred to the dietetic clinic for advice on nutritional support. She had experienced an unintentional weight loss of ten kilograms (kg) over the course of two years, since her husband had passed away. Her drastic weight loss had become a serious concern for her, which led to her referral by her general practitioner (GP). Description (What happened) During the consultation, the patient explained that she had lost three kg in one month, which is when she started worrying as she noticed how loose her clothes had become. I examined her food diary and asked a series of questions to find out what she may have been doing differently to account for the weight loss. She reported her food portions had not changed and that she was eating more in order to gain weight. She seemed to be having a varied diet, although at her last visit to her GP at the beginning of the year, she was informed that she had impaired fasting glucose (IFG). She had therefore decreased her intake of sugary foods as she was afraid of becoming diabetic. Another major event that had occurred more recently was that she had moved to a smaller place which was more suitable for her since she was now on her own. Feelings (What were you thinking/feeling) When she mentioned she was now a widow, I sympathised with her and immediately thought this was the reason for her weight loss. Further questioning revealed that she had battled with loneliness following the loss of her husband of 55 years. . Several psychosocial factors emerged from this initial part of the consultation, which can be regarded as pressures felt by the patient . The first two included bereavement, which is classified as one of lifes stresses, and the state of depression, which she may have endured following this traumatic event .. A significant attribute of bereavement and depression is appetite loss, which is also accountable for high mortality rates in the first six months of the loss of a loved one. In this case, she no longer had anyone to appreciate her cooking efforts and the deprivation of companionship at mealtimes becomes a reminder of her loss. A time intended for communication, joy and bonding had become a painful experience, leading to lack of interest in any activity related to food or eating. The reduced enjoyment of the social aspect of mealtimes had made eating more of a chore . It is important to remember eating as a social variable and recognise that it is part of our self and social identity, which also makes it a cultural variable. It is a structured part of ones everyday life and a valued social activity for most married people. Food habits developed throughout life are an important component of culture and strongly influences food decisions. Therefore, the stress of bereavement has the power to alter the social, psychological and cultural significance of food during this difficult time . These issues were sensitively addressed in the consultation. The patient reported that the support of her son had helped her through the grieving process and that she had accepted the loss and was moving on. Other social determinants which impact eating behaviour include access to food, and ability to cook food and share meals with others . The patient reported she was doing her own weekly shopping and that she had started consuming more ready-meals as she still struggled cooking just for herself. Therefore, she only cooked when her son and family came to visit at the weekend . I suggested joining a social club in the area where they regularly meet for lunch and other social gatherings, which could help improve her moral , but she was reluctant to do so. She explained that she suffered from urinary incontinence and found it embarrassing having to urinate so frequently when around people. I thought it would be ideal if she could have that kind of social interaction as it can have a great impact on appetite and meal size. Meal ambiance which incorporates factors such as acquaintance, conversation and pleasantness, have been shown to improve levels of ingestion and is an important stimulus modulated to help stimulate appetite in places such as nursing homes . The mechanisms by which a person is affected by social support varies depending on the individual, however, the potential support that can be provided from social structures has been shown to aid in maintaining nutrition in certain elderly people . Relocation and change of environment can also yield negative outcomes in terms of psychosocial disturbances such as, confusion, anxiety, depression and loneliness associated with transferring from one place to another and leaving behind treasured memories or souvenirs of a loved . Two months prior, she moved to a smaller house, which had been a very stressful time for her. She had settled into the place but she reported having had a hard time adjusting. This is an area I should have explored. For example, had she made any friends in the surroundings or whether she was still able to meet her old friends, was she getting familiar with the new neighbourhood she was in, were there any safety issues that needed addressing which we could help support her with, and so forth. These issues would have a heavy impact on her intake and weight if they were causing her anxiety or depression . Financial constraint is another psychosocial factor to consider when giving dietary advice, as unaffordability affects intake . The patient reported she drove to do her weekly shopping from a reputable supplier in town. According to her food diary, she did not appear to be restricting herself. However, as research suggests, misreporting of food diaries is common where patients try to present themselves more favourably . Decline in cognitive function is Another psychosocial issue I had to consider was the food anxiety which had been created following the IFG test. Her GP had told her she was in the pre-diabetic stage and so she had eliminated most fruit and all high sugar foods from her diet as she was worried about becoming diabetic. The burden of disease caused her to change the way she felt about certain foods . She was now anxious about eating any foods with sugar. I explained that she did not have to exclude sugar from her diet completely. This in turn created confusion as my advice was conflicting that of her GPs. I explained about glucose absorption and that she could add sugar to her puddings, cereal and so forth, which would slow down absorption of the sugar and help with better blood glucose control but to still avoid pure forms of sugar e.g. sweets. She was relieved to discover that and it seemed to make her happier that she could relax her diet. From there is an exploration of psychobehavioral models of appetite, and address issues of depression, bereavement, and social interaction before examination of personality and anxiety disorders. These issues are then considered as related to cognition and memory. Cultural factors: access to appropriate foods Communication Attitude, values, beliefs, behaviours shared by society/population Psychosocial factors: Attitude Peer pressure Cultural, religious and regional factors: cultural origins, religious background, beliefs and traditions of culture and race, geographical region. DeCultural factors Food habits are a component of culture that make an important contribution to the food decisions consumers make Food habits are seen as the culturally standardized set of behaviors in regard to food manifested by individuals who have been reared within a given cultural tradition. Although some view culture and food habits as static and unchanging, it is now recognized that they are continually changing as they adapt to travel, immigration, and the socioeconomic environment (Jerome, 1982; Lowenberg et al., 1974; Senauer et al., 1991; Kittler and Sucher, 1995). When modifying food intakes to meet dietary recommendations there are certain aspects of food habits that are difficult to change, such as the concept of meals, meal patterns, the number of meals eaten in a day, when to eat what during the day, how food is acquired and prepared, the etiquette of eating and what is considered edible as food. (Lowenberg et al., 1974; Kittler and Sucher, 1995). Food is always used to satisfy hunger and to meet nutritional needs. Food is used to promote family unity when members eat together. It can denote ethnic, regional and national identity. It is used socially to develop friendships, provide hospitality, as a gift, and as an important part of holidays, celebrations and special family occasions. In religious rituals and beliefs certain foods have specific symbolic meanings, or there may be prohibited foods or food taboos. Food can be used to show status or prestige, make one feel secure, express feelings and emotions, and to relieve tension, stress or boredom. Food controls the behavior of others when used as reward, punishment or as a political tool in protests and hunger strikes. Evaluation (What was good and bad about the experience) Why decided to go down that route? Behavioural change model Analysis (What sense can you make of the situation) Conclusion (What else could you have done) Action plan (If it arose again what would you do) What have I learnt from this experience What was the outcome of this experience

Critical appreciation of the poem “Old Ladies’ Home” by Sylvia Plath with reference to the presentation of old age

George Orwell, one of English literature's most important and famous writers, draws the picture of a dystopia in one of his best known novels 1984. Being considered as a warning against totalitarianism, it is also possible to say that the novel puts forth a road map on how totalitarian regimes work and how certain ideologies are imposed on nations. Creating a world in which the worst possible totalitarian regime is present, Orwell also takes a very close look at the psychological states of people. The writer doesn't only deeply analyze what a totalitarian regime stands for but also introduces the themes of the importance of language, how certain ideologies can be imposed on people and how physical pain can control the human mind. Putting stress on the dreadfulness and the destructive nature of totalitarianism, and also by pointing out that nations can in fact be forced to admire and support such a regime, the writer makes his reader face the cruelest and most realistic aspects of such a horrific repressive regime. Before taking a closer look at the novel, it would be helpful to give background information about the era in which Orwell was influenced to create such a hellish world. 1984 was written in 1949, when Fascism was on the rise, right after the Second World War, when Hitler was defeated and Stalin had performed his cruelest acts. Having worked in Spain in 1936 during the Spanish civil war, Orwell witnessed the cruelty of fascist regimes and had already collected his dreadful memories which lead him to write his political novels. Regarding Orwell's intention in writing 1984, Jenni Calder in her book Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four states: To anyone who was in Britain in the years immediately after the Second World War, and particularly in London, the sights and smell that Orwell recreates will be familiar†¦ In 1984 he translates this situation in to the future by adding details that are unfamiliar (57). Thus, it becomes possible to say that as a result of the world's existing state at the time Orwell wrote 1984, he was deeply concerned about the future and that his pessimist attitude in his novel acted as a warning and as a criticism of totalitarian regimes. Adriaan M. De Lange, in his book The Influence of Political Bias in Selected Essays of George Orwell says, â€Å"The rise of Fascism, Nazism and Stalinist communism in Europe and the resultant tremors in Britain left an indelible mark on Orwell's thought and work (1). † At this point taking a closer look at Orwell's intentions in writing 1984 from the perspective of the Marxist Hungarian critic Georg Lukacs would be convenient. Due to his theory of â⠂¬Å"Reflection† Lukacs claims that literary works would reflect the hidden aspects of the social and political era in which they are written. Parallel to Lukacs' â€Å"Reflection† theory, Orwell reflects his concerns deriving from the political state in which he lives through fiction. Regarding 1984 Calder states, â€Å"Orwell is underlining a psychological as well as a political truth here, which is demonstrated in the kind of mass embracing of authorial influence that came with the rise of Nazism and Stalinism (63). † While the era in which 1984 was written marks itself with political depressions, it also hints that the world was within a phase when totalitarian and fascist regimes were condemned as a result of the devilish acts of Hitler and Stalin. While taking a closer look at the book and the themes it introduces to the reader, the theme of the importance of language gains significance. â€Å"Newspeak†, Oceania's official language, consists of limited words which are created by party members. The language totally deletes some words which are present in the English language such as â€Å"excellent† or â€Å"splendid† and replaces them with an extremely plain word such as â€Å"plusgood†. Changing the language and limiting it in number of words becomes a matter of importance since language is one of the most important tools of expression and thought for human beings. Deleting complex words and limiting language also limits the thoughts of people and enables the party to delete certain concepts from people's minds. As Syme explains Winston how important it is to change the language he says, â€Å"Don't you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thought crime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it (60). † Analyzing Syme's comment on language, the reader comes to the realization that it is the language itself that makes people think. Hence it becomes understandable that being a totalitarian regime, the party doesn't want its people to think, since thinking may lead to original ideas and thus to through crime. By lowering the language to a very simple state, the party cleverly paralyzes the brains of its people and disables them from thinking. As Syme continues to explain the real aim of the party in creating Newspeak, he also mentions one important topic about language forming concepts. He says: How could you have a slogan like â€Å"Freedom is Slavery† when the concept of freedom has been abolished? The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinking-not needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness (61). In trying to understand Syme's remark on language, it might be useful to think of Ferdinand de Saussure's theory that discusses whether concepts or objects would really exist if they were not expressed in language. According to Saussure, what makes a concept present is the language itself. He claims that the world is a whole and that the language divides this whole in to separate pieces to make it become more understandable. Thus, a concept or an object which isn't expressed by language wouldn't exist. When â€Å"Newspeak† is concerned, one may claim the same thing. If the word â€Å"Freedom† doesn't exist in Oceania anymore, there wouldn't be such a concept. Thus, one of the most important problems that threaten the party would be removed. When these facts are concerned, simplifying language and removing words that are used to express threatening concepts, would perfectionalize the regime in terms of the obedience of people. Another remarkable aspect about language is that it is one of the most important things that make human beings privileged when compared to animals. As a result of the ability to think, human beings can speak. Thus, decreasing language to a minimum level in words and expression also means the dehumanization of human beings. Limiting people's one and very important ability to think and speak, the party tries to dehumanize human beings and make them become animal-like creatures. Hence, it would be far easier for the party to have full control over its citizens. While language plays a major role in shifting people's thoughts to fit in the Totalitarian regime, another striking aspect of the novel is the theme of how certain ideologies can be imposed on people. As a starting point, the party chooses to change and destruct the past. Replacing true history with a fictional one which glorifies Oceania makes the already powerful party become even more invincible. As it is stated in the novel: And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed-if all records told the same tale-then the lie passed into history and became truth. Who controls the past,' ran the Party slogan, ‘controls the future: Who controls the present controls the past. ‘ And yet the past, though of its nature alterable, never had been altered (40). The party creates a kind of reality by creating a past of its own. Since when there's no one who has any historical documents saying that the party's history is shifted from the truth, the party's recreated history w ill become the truth. Hoping that there should be more than this in life, Winston tries to find a proof that the past wasn't always like this and that the past was based on a much better world. Winston tries to link himself with the past. He writes a diary using a pen. The pen, being an object belonging to the past, symbolizes Winston's need for the past and trying to find a little something which would connect him the past that he doesn't know about. Thus, the manipulation of history, in this sense, is directly related to the manipulation of people living in Oceania. Thinking that the world has always been like this, people don't have any expectations from the future and they accept the current regime in all its ways, since they don't have alternatives. However, when Winston is concerned, he is one of the rare citizens who think that the past couldn't be like this and that there was a totally different world. Knowing that history has been changed, Winston wants to find out about the true history. Looking at the issue from Winston's psychological perspective, it might be possible to say that Winston, unhappy in the world he lives in, needs hope for the future. Not knowing what the past was like disables Winston to locate himself somewhere in the future. When the theme of history is regarded, the antique shop can be considered as a symbol of the past. Winston gets deeply interested in the shop starting from the first moment he sees it, as it functions as a page from the past, which isn't manipulated and changed by the party. The paperweight which Winston buys from the shop can also be considered as a symbol of the past. Being a long lost object which Winston doesn't know about, the paperweight functions as what is â€Å"different† and â€Å"unfamiliar† and it gives Winston little hope about a better future. â€Å"Doublethink†, which simply means â€Å"telling deliberate lies and believing in them†, also functions as another aspect about imposing ideologies. The slogans, for example, are products of the â€Å"Doublethink† principle. Orwell uses binary oppositions that say â€Å"War is Peace†, â€Å"Freedom is Slavery† and â€Å"Ignorance is Strength†. He then places them as the main mottos of the party. As doublethink plays a very important role in conditioning people, it also becomes one of the most important sources which provides the regime with permanence. â€Å"Doublethink† marks itself as one of the most important tools of the party, since it's the basic element that makes people favor war. The reason why the party wants people to be in favor of war is once more related to the power theme. Paras Mani Singh, Nardeep Singh Juneja mention in their book Orwell as a Political Novelist that: The only way that Oceania can exist as a state is for it to wage a constant war, the whole structure of society and state is geared to wartime economy and austerity. If there should be peace, the citizens of Oceania might reasonably expect better living conditions, better food and less control by the government (123). Thus, the motto â€Å"War is Peace† becomes very important for the party in order to keep the citizens of Oceania satisfied. Making them watch movies of war and manipulating people in such a way to make them laugh when they see a woman hugging a little child to protect it from bullets, shows how a totalitarian regime would succeed in making people become fond of violence and cruelty. The motto â€Å"Freedom is Slavery†, on the other hand, is related to the idea of being free both in physical and psychological terms. Since freedom of thought and expression are threats to any totalitarian regime, the party replaces the understanding of the concept of â€Å"Freedom† through â€Å"Doublethink† and it creates an irrational way of understanding for its people. Due to the fact that the people of Oceania are anything but free, for they are being watched constantly, it also becomes necessary for the party to make its citizens believe that freedom is a negative thing and that it is nothing but slavery. A this point it might be suitable to mention Foucault's idea of the prison model the Panopticon, that functions as a system that disables the prisoners to know when they are being watched, thus to make them act in proper manners 24/7. Paul Rabinow, in his article The Foucault Reader states: On the whole, therefore, one can speak of the formation of a disciplines society in this movement that stretches from the enclosed disciplines, a sort of social â€Å"quarantine,† to an indefinitely generalizable mechanism of â€Å"panopticism (206). Thus it would be possible to say that Big Brother, in the novel, functions as the Panopticon for the citizens of Ocenia, since people never know when they are being watched and due to their fear towards the existing totalitarian power, they act in proper manner when the sanctions of the regime are concerned. As the last motto â€Å"Ignorance is Strength† is concerned, the party makes its final stroke on the big picture by saying that none of these things should be thought through, since ignorance and accepting things just the way they are is a kind of strength. By doing so and by applying these mottos, the party blocks all the ways for its citizens to rebel against the system. The concept of â€Å"Thoughtcrime†, gets under the spotlight at this stage, since despite all the cautions taken against any threat or rebellions against the system, the party guarantees its permanence by also limiting the thoughts of its citizens. Having mentioned that the act of thinking itself is an undesirable act for the regime, the party strictly watches people in all their actions. The screens which are placed all over the city and even in the homes of citizens, completely removes the privacy of Oceania's people. Big Brother's picture staring at its citizens and controlling them in every action they take strengthens the idea of the totalitarian regime in the novel. Looking at Big Brother's picture symbolically, it may become possible to say that Orwell draws parallelism between the picture of Stalin and Big Brother. Drawing the picture of a totalitarian regime, Orwell points out the main principles of how such a regime would succeed. As Robert J. Savage, James Combs and Dan Nimmo quote Jane Kirkpatric's words in their book The Orwellian Moment: In a recent and well known essay, Jane Kirkpatric describes totalitarian societies as ones which drive to establish comprehensive political control over the lives of individuals, obliterating in both theory and practice the distinction between public and private, between objective and subjective, claiming for the state the whole life of people (47). Removing privacy is preventing people from thinking. People mostly think when they are alone and when they are in solitude. For this reason, the party completely removes the chance for its citizens to be alone, thus to think. Thinking is an important theme in the novel since it links the reader to the concept of forming an identity. People who think can have their own views about life and can be considered as individuals. Removing the concept of being an individual is one of the most important goals of the party, since individuality is a threat to any totalitarian regime. As Goldstein lectures Winston in room 101 about individuality he says, â€Å"Can you not understand, Winston, that the individual is only a cell? The weariness of the cell is vigor of the organism. Do you die when you cut your fingernails? (302)† Thus, it becomes plain to see that for the party, being an individual isn't a matter of importance, on the contrary it is something which isn't favored. Since the party only considers being a whole as something important, individuality is something which it wants to completely destroy. Taking a closer look at the novel, it can be said that Winston's ache in his ankle is also a symbol of his individuality. Before meeting Julia, Winston continually mentions an ache in his ankle and when he finally meets her, he mentions that the ache disappears. At the end of the novel when Winston is caught by the party and when he's being tortured in room 101, he receives blows on his ankle. Being an ordinary Oceania citizen, Winston first lacked his individuality. However starting from the moment he meets Julia and starts to have an affair with her, he regains his individuality, for he becomes able to experience something which is private and individual. Winston's love to Julia makes him become separate from the crowd and makes him become different from the rest of the people in Oceania, who have no intention to feel love at all and who only consider marriage as a duty which should be fulfilled for the sake of the party. Sexual life, amongst the people of Oceania is seen as a mission to reproduce and create other useful and loyal citizens for the system. However, the theme of love in Winston and Julia's case individualizes the couple not only in terms of the love they feel for one another, but also in terms of their meetings which they think are in private. Winston and Julia meet in secret places where they think they aren't watched and they get total privacy. Since lacking privacy also disables the people of Oceania from becoming individuals, they are also indirectly disabled from becoming human beings. Dehumanizing people by forbidding them to love and killing all their feelings towards compassion, mercy and affection, puts them in an animal-like state. This animal-like state, however, is totally perceived as normal and humane by the party and is presented as something which is favored. Citizens who don't posses this animal-like state are perceived as ill. At the end of the novel Winston is referred to as â€Å"cured† when he finally draws 2+2=5 on the table and perceives the principles which the party imposes on him with torture. Winston is considered as a person with an animal-like state since he felt love for another human being. The party treats Winston as if he is ill only because he questions the party's policies and only because he loves a woman. At the end, when Winston is freed from all the â€Å"inhumane† feelings such as doubt or love, he is again regarded as a healthy person by the party. When the theme of humanizing and dehumanizing is concerned, the Proles play an important role. The Proloes, symbolizing a rebellion against the party, are referred to as animal-like creatures; however Winston manages to make a distinction between his own people and the Proles by saying, â€Å"The proles are human beings. We are not (191). † Winston and Julia's love affair in this sense can be regarded as a rebel against the party and as a struggle to become humans and individuals. As Winston's thoughts about Julia are revealed, it's stated: In the old days, he thought, a man looked at a girl's body and saw that it was desirable, and that was the end of the story. But you could not have pure love or pure lust nowadays. No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. Their embrace had been a battle, the climax a victory. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act (145). As stated, the love affair of Winston and Julia is perceived by them as a rebellion against the party. Since the party is so much full of hatred, love becomes a rebellion against it. Being an important theme in the novel, Orwell also stresses that physical pain can control the human mind. Towards the middle of the novel when Julia and Winston are having one of their regular chats about the system as they say: I don't mean confessing. Confession is not betrayal what you say or do doesn't matter: only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you- that would be the real betrayal. She thought it over. They can't do that she said finally. It's the one thing they can't do. They can make you say anything- anything- but they can't make you believe it. They can't get inside you (192). Despite the firmness of Julia saying that nobody can make her feel something or can make her think something, at the end of the novel, the reader comes to the realization that through physical torture, one can be made feel and believe in anything. As Goldstein tells Winston what he thinks about confessions, he says, â€Å"All the confessions that are uttered here are true. We make them true (291). † The fact that the party does really make the confessions become true, is based on torturing people. Despite the human mind seems to be far away concealed in the skull, Orwell puts forth that physical pain in fact can rule the human mind. As stated in the novel: On the battlefield, in the torture chamber, on a sinking ship, the issues that you are fighting for are always forgotten. , because the body swells up until it fills the universe, and even when you are not paralyzed by fright or screaming with pain, life is a moment-to-moment struggle against hunger or cold or sleeplessness, against a sour stomach or an aching tooth (117). The basic human instinct of survival is actually based on physical aspects. Unless the physical wellbeing is fulfilled and satisfied, there's no rest for the human being. Relating this fact to the basic human instinct of survival, Orwell states that although it looks like the human mind is separate from the physical being, they are in fact directly related and that the physical suffering has the power to rule over the mind. As this is the case, the novel also clearly puts forth that at the end, Winston totally changes his thoughts about the system and even about Julia. In the end after being released from torture, Winston draws 2+2=5 on the table and believes in it. Again, at the very end of the novel Winston says that he has won the battle against himself and that he now finally loves Big Brother (342). Another fact about physical pain ruling the human mind is revealed in the case when Winston and Julia meet again after being released from torture and when they can't feel anything towards each other. As a result of torture and as a result of their survival being threatened for such a long time, both of these human beings have lost their feelings of love towards another human being. Orwell's message at this point might be based on the theme that after being threatened in existence and after being exposed to a tremendous amount of torture, human beings instinctually come to think of only themselves. As Winston and Julia confess to each other that they have betrayed one another in the novel, the heart breaking truth is being revealed that human beings, in depth, are based on the instinct of survival and that they are unconsciously selfish. The novel states: I betrayed you, she said baldly. I betrayed you, he said. She gave him a quick look of dislike. Sometimes, she said they threaten you with something- something you can't stand up to can't even think about. And then you say, don't do it to me, do it to someone else, do it to so-and so. And perhaps you might pretend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you just said it to make them stop and didn't really mean it. You think there's no other way of saving yourself, and you're quite ready to save yourself that way. You want it to happen to the other person. You don't give a damn what they suffer. All you care about is yourself (336). The sad fact that human beings do only think of themselves and that they are selfish in nature is once more revealed by this remark. However, it is also evident in the novel that human beings who are exposed to torture lose the ability to love and think of other people. Thus, it becomes a fact that physical pain is so strong that it has the ability to erase all sorts of feelings which are related to the wellbeing of other people. Due to their instinct of survival, human beings become ready to sacrifice even people they love, to save themselves. Looking at the party from a religious point of view is also a possible theme in the novel. Being free from all the beliefs which are related to God and his religions, people are still in need to believe in something. The party at this point functions as religion for the people of Oceania, since they are blocked in all the ways which lead to a power that is greater than the party. Thus, representing themselves and the divine power, the party introduces itself as God. The religious motives are present in the novel when Goldstein offers Winston and Julia some wine, and later places a white waffle both on Julia and Winston's tongues so that they don't smell of alcohol. The ceremony which is presented here is similar to the Catholic rituals that take place in church. Believers are offered some wine which symbolizes the blood of Christ and they are placed a piece of bread on their tongs to symbolize the body of Christ. Going through a similar ceremony with Goldstein, Orwell in fact makes a foreshadowing that even the opposition, which stands for Goldstein at the beginning of the novel, is in fact one of the closest persons to the party. Thus, there is no way out of the system. If this theme is compared to the theme of religion, the devil, who is the opposing party to God, is in fact an angel and that it is again strongly related to God. Drawing parallel lines between the party and religion, Orwell states that the Party is God like figure for the people of Oceania and that there's no escape from it. In conclusion, speaking in general terms, the novel functions as a warning against the totalitarian regime and reveals the fact that such repressive regimes, do in fact have the power to manipulate people and that they do have the power in making people believe things which appeared as totally bizarre at the beginning. Taking physical pain ruling over the human mind as a theme, Orwell states that human beings are selfish in nature, since they posses the basic instinct of survival. Putting also major emphasis on the concept of language and how it functions in people's lives, Orwell states that it is in fact the language itself that shapes the motives of people and that makes some concepts become reality. The lack of expression of some concepts in language would automatically destroy them and make them become nonexistent for human beings. Despite the novel as a whole appears as a pessimist approach to the future, taking it as a warning and looking at our present state in today's modern world, readers can still feel gratitude for the present capitalist system they live in now and they still can preserve their hope for a better future.

Leadership Interview - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 352 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2018/12/15 Category Management Essay Type Case study Level High school Tags: Organization Essay Did you like this example? Based on the leadership skills of most of people in the diversity, it is clear that the interview has based on different people who have diverse views as per the ideas of the business diversity. Hence, to consider this we hold some of the great CEOs from around the rondure who have earned a lot of reputation from the matter of approval of all kinds of contextual in the business. In the interview one is supposed to understand the set goals of the business and some of the strategy which are meant for the organization in order to be able to embrace and manage it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Leadership Interview" essay for you Create order As a leader one is supposed to be flexible and have competent skills in the mode of interaction with the companys owners as they have prompt experience. Again, the leader should be self-motivated, organized, effective in communication and confident for the other employees to emulate who might be new in the business. According to the mode of interaction with the people and physical expression have helped to be competent and be able to hire it through the brave part of interaction. Most of the business are based on executing profits and this might interfere with skills as they may not extract the exact outcome from it. My contribution as a leader in matters pertaining any business expansion needs teamwork and due to this have embodied a flexible interaction and corporation with employees to see its success. In this rationale, most of employees have followed my charismatic traits which has helped them to be self-motivated and feel free to interact and share more. Team work is one of the leadership style that one is able to motivate others even under strict rules in the organization. Face to face dialogue with the employees can be the best skills that most of the leaders should deploy in any business ethics. Some of the challenges that they face are based on the cost effective of the power outputs which is predicted as foreseeable future. The other challenge is based on the technical effectiveness of the business which might provoke its outcome.

Project Execution Plan Sample

Projects of different sizes and ambitions may vary in how they are planned, and, therefore, a project execution plansample is a mandatory requirement for a project’s monitoring procedures and maintenance. Whether it concerns engineering projects, such as city building and underground construction works, scientific projects, such as laboratory experiments and research, or social projects, such as infrastructure development and solving issues of municipal character, any project is hardly executable without a properly laid plan. Therefore, a project execution plan sample is bound to become an invaluable asset in the hands of a beginner engineer, scientist, or public servant. A project execution plan is an important document that serves as a roadmap and reference source for all parties involved in the project itself. The execution plan resembles not only a detailed description of the conducted project, the set goal and potential result, but it is also a collection of all necessary steps to be taken in order to achieve its completion. For example, if the project involves the production, marketing, and distribution, of a certain product, then it is bound to reveal all the details about the required steps to be taken by the corresponding production line, marketing department, and logistics representatives of the given company. In other words, it is a document that has sections appropriately and specifically designed to be informative for everyone involved in its execution, from production planners and merchandise testers to office managers and other personnel. In order to be effective and credible, the execution plan has to consist of the following elements: scope of execution, project objectives, technical specifications. The scope of execution is the section that reveals the broad concept of the project, its main idea, and what is planned to be achieved. The project objectives is the part which underlines the primary steps that are required to be taken in order to achieve the primary project concept, its scope. The technical specifications section describes all the technical peculiarities of the project execution, such as resource allocation, staff management, and scheduling. An example of a project execution plan that follows the aforementioned criteria is provided below. Blamo IT Execution Plan Scope of Execution The company Blamco has long since participated in the business of retail merchandise distribution. However, modern business trends are dictated by the wide expansion of globalism and technological accessibility. Therefore, it would be more than reasonable to upgrade our existing office hardware and software to match the current technological trends, as well as expand our reaches with additional networking applications. Project Objectives Upgrade old computers and install new software programs; Install new computers were old ones need replacement; Establish new connections and networking; Conduct staff training with new applications; Technical Specifications The implementation of new technologies in the office requires new investments in the company. In order to cope with the costs, it is suggested that not all machines are relapsed, but are upgraded if possible instead. The arrival of new software and network applications will require a series of training sessions to be conducted in order to get the workers acquainted with their new tools.