Evaluating Metastatic Involvement Of Lymph Nodes For...

Assessing metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes in breast cancer patients is important in planning surgical and adjuvant therapies. A trend toward breast-conserving therapies with the goal of improving quality of life for breast cancer patients has driven the need to accurately assess lymph nodal staging. The concept of a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a valuable tool in evaluating metastatic spread of primary breast tumors (Maaskant-Braat et al.,2012; Noushi et al., 2013). Tokin et al. (2012) describe how the process of tumor spread via the lymphatics occurs to the first draining lymph node, then to subsequent nodes within the same basin and beyond. Breast lymphoscintigraphy has emerged as a useful means of identifying the SLN, although many patient factors, choice of radiopharmaceutical, injection technique, and imaging protocol may affect the successful outcome. The ideal exam protocol would combine speed, accuracy, and sensitivity to identifying the SLN with the lea st amount of burden to the patient and resources involved (Povoski et al., 2006; Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tokin et al., 2012). Methods The keywords breast lymphoscintigraphy, breast sentinel lymph node, sentinel lymph node identification, SPECT/CT breast lymphoscintigraphy, injection method lymphoscintigraphy, image protocol breast lymphoscintigraphy, repeat breast lymphoscintigraphy, axillary sentinel lymph node, non-axillary sentinel lymph node, Nanocall ®, Lymphoseek ®, and tilmanocept wereShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer Staging At Cancer And The International Union For Cancer Control Classification System2132 Words   |  9 PagesBreast Cancer Staging â€Å"Breast cancer is staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union for Cancer Control classification system for tumor, nodes, and metastases (TNM)† (Esserman, 2013). The first part of the tumor staging system, as seen in Table 2, assesses that of the primary tumor itself by means of clinical breast exam and imaging studies and is represented by the letter â€Å"T† on the staging table. Mammogram is an essential part of assessing the primary tumorRead MoreStages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer3785 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Breast Cancer 3 Running Head: Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Abstract Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in cancer patients all over the world. Tumor node- metastasis (TNM) is a standard staging system for breast cancer. TNM staging system also provides the basis for the prognosis for breast cancer. The prognosis for breast cancer is majorly based on two factors; tumor size and biological factors. However, these factors have been furtherRead MoreThe Potential Benefits Of Adjuvant Therapy3460 Words   |  14 Pagesaddition to patient perspectives on their treatment options and findings from a brief GA, a further consideration in estimating potential benefits of adjuvant therapy is the patient’s estimated life expectancy, to determine whether they are likely to live long enough to benefit from the treatment. Chronologic age is an integral component of such estimates; however, it is by no means a sufficient consideration. As our two clinical cases illustrate, two 70 year old breast cancer patients can have veryRead MoreEvaluating th e Effectiveness of MRI Technology4476 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿Learning Outcomes Introduction Over the last several years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an increasingly popular technique. This is because it has been shown to be effective at diagnosing various conditions and diseases in the patient. The way that this occurs is the individual is placed into a movable bed that slides into a machine. This is a large magnet with hydrogen protons that can go through the body to see different aspects of the internal organs and systems. The imagesRead MoreNeoplasia10526 Words   |  43 PagesIbom State, Nigeria. Neoplasia means the process of new growth whilst Neoplasm means a new growth. Sometimes, the parenchyma cells stimulate the formation of an abundant collagenous stroma, referred to as desmoplasia. Some tumours e.g. some cancers of breast are stony hard or scirrhous. Sarcomas have little connective tissue stroma and so are fleshy. Pseudo tumours: i) An ectopic rest of normal tissue is sometimes called a choristoma e.g a rest of adrenal cells under the kidney capsule or a pancreatic